HISTORY
The
Consolidated
Vultee Aircraft Corporation,
whose name was in the course
of time changed to
Convair, was an American
aircraft, rocket, and
spacecraft company for the
design, development, and
manufacturing of aerospace
products. It existed as a
company from 1943 until
1994, although the
Consolidated Aircraft
company had existed before
that, and had produced
aircraft that were important
in the early years of World
War II, especially the B-24
Liberator heavy bomber and
the PBY Catalina for the
U.S. Navy, the Royal
Canadian Air Force, the
British flying forces, and
some others. The Catalina
remained in production
through May 1945, and a
total of over 4,000 of them
were built. What was soon to
be called "Convair" (first
unofficially, and then
officially), was created in
1943 by the merger of the
Consolidated Aircraft
Company and the Vultee
Aircraft Company. This
merger produced a large
airplane company ranked
fourth among United States
corporations in the value of
wartime production
contracts, higher than the
giants like Douglas
Aircraft, Boeing, and
Lockheed. Convair
always had most of its
research, design, and
manufacturing operations in
San Diego County of Southern
California, and nearby
counties, though other
locations were involved, as
well.
Jet Age, Cold War, and Space
Age
In March 1953, all of the
Convair company was bought
by the General Dynamics
Corporation, a conglomerate
of military and
high-technology companies,
and it became officially the
Convair Division
within General Dynamics.
After the beginning of
the Jet Age of military
fighters and bombers,
Convair was a pioneer of the
delta-winged aircraft
design, along with the
French Dassault aircraft
company, which designed and
built the Mirage fighter
planes.
One of Convair's most
famous products was the
10-engined Convair B-36
strategic bomber, burning
four turbojets and turning
six pusher props driven by
Pratt & Whitney R-4360 Wasp
Major radial piston engines.
The Convair B-36 was the
largest landbased piston
engined bomber in the world.
The Atlas missile, the F-102
Delta Dagger and F-106 Delta
Dart delta-winged
interceptors, and the
delta-winged B-58 Hustler
supersonic intercontinental
nuclear bomber were all
Convair products. For a
period of time in the 1960s,
Convair manufactured its own
line of jet commercial
airliners, the Convair 880
and Convair 990, but this
did not turn out to be a
profitable business.
However, Convair found that
it was profitable to become
an aviation subcontractor
and to manufacture large
subsections of airliners,
such as fuselages for the
larger airliner companies,
McDonnell Douglas, Boeing,
and Lockheed. The Convair
Division produced its own
airplane designs, such as
several airliners, until
1965, when it shifted from
these to
airframe/aerostructure
subcontracting projects for
other companies.
In the 1950s Convair
shifted money and effort
into its missile and rocket
projects, producing the
Terrier missile
ship-launched surface to air
system for the U.S. Navy
during the 1960s and 1970s.
Convair's Atlas rocket was
originally developed in the
1957 as an ICBM for the U.S.
Air Force. It was replaced
in 1962 by the
room-temperature
liquid-fueled Titan II
missile and the solid-fueled
Minuteman missile. The Atlas
rocket transitioned into a
civilian launch vehicle and
was used for the first
orbital manned U.S. space
flights during Project
Mercury in 1962 and 1963.
The Atlas rocket became a
very reliable booster for
launching for satellites and
continued to evolve,
remaining in use into the
21st century, when combined
with the Centaur upper stage
to form the Atlas-Centaur
rocket for launching
geosynchronous communication
satellites and space probes.
The Centaur rocket was also
designed, developed, and
produced by Convair, and it
was the first widely used
outer space rocket to use
the all-cryogenic
fuel-oxidizer combination of
liquid hydrogen and liquid
oxygen. The use of this
liquid hydrogen – liquid
oxygen combination in the
Centaur was an important
direct precursor to the use
of the same fuel-oxidizer
combination in the Saturn
S-II second stage and the
Saturn S-IVB third stage of
the gigantic Saturn V moon
rocket of the Apollo
project. The S-IVB had
earlier also been used as
the second stage of the
smaller Saturn IB rocket,
such as the one which was
used to launch Apollo 7. The
Centaur upper stage was
first designed and developed
for launching the Surveyor
lunar landers, beginning in
1966, to augment the delta-V
of the Atlas rockets and
give them enough payload
capability to deliver the
required mass of the
Surveyors to the Moon.
More than 100
Convair-produced
Atlas-Centaur rockets
(including those with their
successor designations) were
used to successfully launch
over 100 satellites, and
among their many other outer
space missions, they
launched the Pioneer 10 and
Pioneer 11 space probes, the
first two to be launched on
trajectories that carried
them out of the Solar
System.
Dissolution
In 1994, the General
Dynamics Corporation split
and sold the original
Convair Division, along with
other General Dynamics
aerospace units that had
been swept into it over the
decades. The
airframe/aerostructures
manufacturing company and
the space boosters company
(both mostly in California)
were sold to the McDonnell
Douglas Corporation. The
Fort Worth, Texas factory
and its associated
engineering locations and
laboratories – which had
been previously used for the
manufacture of hundreds of
General Dynamics F-111
Aardvark fighter-bombers and
F-16 Fighting Falcon
fighters for the U.S. Air
Force, along with dozens of
smaller projects – were
sold, along with all
intellectual property and
the legal rights to the
products that were being
designed and built within,
to the Lockheed Corporation.
In 1996, General Dynamics
deactivated all of the
remaining legal entities of
the Convair Division.
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