PZL |
PZL 106 Kruk |
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Photo: Robert Deering 4/9/2019 Technik Museum Speyer, Germany |
The PZL-106 was developed as a modern agricultural aircraft for Poland and Comecon countries, to replace the less capable PZL-101 Gawron and aging PZL Antonov An-2. (According to Comecon decisions, Polish industry was responsible for developing agricultural aircraft). There were several agricultural plane designs proposed in the early 1960s by a group of young designers from WSK PZL Warszawa-Okęcie, led by Andrzej Frydrychewicz. These proposals were made on their own initiative, but never realized because the USSR was content with the An-2 and was planning to replace it with a jet aircraft (later PZL M-15 Belphegor). The first was the PZL-101M Kruk 63 of 1963. That remained a paper aeroplane, but did give its name to later designs. Next were the PZL-106 Kruk 65 (1965), PZL-110 Kruk-2T (1969) and PZL M-14 Kruk (1970, it was planned to produce this variant in PZL-Mielec). Only in 1971 did the authorities decide to start development of the new agricultural design as the PZL-106 Kruk 71. Despite this decision, its development was quite protracted, due to both economic and political reasons. The work, led by Andrzej Frydrychewicz, started in 1972, and was based on earlier designs. The first prototype was flown on April 17, 1973. The designers chose a safe layout of a braced low-wing monoplane with a container for chemicals in front of the pilot, and was inspired by planes like Piper PA-25 Pawnee (in case of an emergency landing, the container would not crush the higher sitting pilot).
The first
prototype was powered by an imported 298 kW
(400 hp) Lycoming IO-720 flat-eight-cylinder
engine and had a T-tail with
wings of wooden construction. There were
several prototypes built, and the plane was
finally fitted with a 441 kW (600 hp) PZL-3S
radial engine, a conventional tail and metal
wings. The prototype with the final engine
first flew on 25 October 1974. Production started
in 1976 under the designation PZL-106A.
Successive variants were the PZL-106AR, with
PZL-3SR engine and the PZL-106AS with a
stronger 736 kW ASz-62IR radial engine. By
1982, 144 PZL-106As had been built. Several
aircraft were modified in Africa to
PZL-106AS standard. On May 15, 1981 the
prototype of an improved variant PZL-106B
was flown with redesigned wings using
shorter struts. It was powered by the same
PZL-3SR engine and was produced from 1984.
In 1982 the prototype of the PZL-106BS flew
powered by the ASz-62IR engine. By 1988, 60
PZL-106Bs had been built. The next step was
fitting the Kruk with a turboprop engine.
The first was the PZL-106AT Turbo Kruk
prototype, with a 566 kW (770 hp) Pratt &
Whitney PT6A-34AG engine in 1981. The next
version, based upon the PZL-106B, was the
PZL-106BT Turbo Kruk with a 544 kW Walter
M601D-1 engine. The PZL-106BT first flew in
1985 and was only produced in limited
numbers (10 in 1986–1988). The last variant,
in 1998, was the PZL-106BTU-34 Turbo Kruk
with a Pratt & Whitney PT6A-34AG engine.
Both turboprop variants have a taller
tailfin, and the BTU-34 differs again with a
restyled nose, a bigger fuel tank (780 l),
revised cockpit layout and improved
performance. In total, 266
PZL-106s were produced. Production was
restarted in 1995 and as of 2007, the
PZL-106BT (renamed PZL-106BT-601) with the
Walter M601-D1, and the PZL-106BTU-34 with
the PT6A-34AG engine are currently being
offered by the manufacturer EADS-PZL.
Limited numbers of turbo-Kruks have been
produced so far. SOURCE: Wikipedia |