Grumman | ||||||||||||||||||||||
FF Tiger
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Photo: Robert Deering
4/18/2015 National Museum of Naval Aviation NAS Pensacola (NPA) Pensacola, Florida |
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Affectionately known as "Fifi" by its
pilots, the Grumman FF-1 was the first in a
series of outstanding aircraft that made the
name Grumman a virtual synonym for Naval
Aviation. Previously a producer of
amphibious floats for the Navy, Grumman used
its own funds to enter the competition for a
new Navy fighter. The result was the highly
successful, rather revolutionary, dual-role
design, setting a standard of Grumman
excellence for the next 40 years.
It was just two months after the stock
market crash in October 1929 that six men
led by Leroy Randle Grumman, a former naval
aviator, formed the Grumman Aircraft
Engineering Corporation, their first work
for the Navy being the construction of
pontoon floats for seaplanes. The floats,
which featured retractable landing gear,
attracted the interest of the sea service
for the potential application of
configuration to a fighter aircraft to
improve its performance. Grumman submitted a
design proposal and April 2, 1931, the Navy
awarded the company a contract to build a
prototype of what would become the FF-1, the
first in a long line of Grumman fighter
aircraft to serve the Navy.
First flown in late 1931, the XFF-1 featured
a 616 horsepower Wright R-1820E engine,
achieving a speed of 195 mph during trials.
Later engineers installed the R-1820F
engine, which boasted 750 horsepower and
increased top speed to 210 mph, by far the
fastest of any fighter then in service. A
second prototype was modified as a two-seat
scout and designated XSF-1.
The FF-1 proved revolutionary not only in
its retractable landing gear, but also with
its all metal, stressed skin fuselage and
enclosed cockpit, all giant steps forward in
aircraft design. Though its forward fuselage
was bulbous in order to house the retracted
landing gear, the FF-1's speed belied its
less than streamlined appearance. This
became readily apparent to a U.S. Army
squadron commander, who upon seeing one
flying during an exercise over Hawaii,
decided to jump the strange bird with no
wheels. "Great was his amazement," reported
the
Bureau of Aeronautics Newsletter
on March 1, 1933, "when his dive upon the
innocent looking target failed to close the
range." In fact, the only significant
drawback to the aircraft was its poor climb
capability, taking over six minutes to reach
an altitude of 10,000 ft. Quickly called "Fifi," by pilots, a nickname derived from the aircraft's designation "FF-1," the new fighter entered fleet service in May 1933, eventually equipping the Fighting Squadron (VF) 5B "Red Rippers." Grumman also manufactured a scouting version of the "Fifi," The SF-1 served as command aircraft in fighter squadrons and also equipped VS-3B. All told, sixty-four aircraft (both fighter and scout versions) rolled off the Grumman assembly line. Though their service as front-line aircraft in the Navy would last but two years, FF-2s (FF-1s modified with dual controls) received a new lease on life in the training command. In addition, in 1936 Canadian Car & Foundry acquired the rights to construct a version of the aircraft designated the G-23, examples of which were operated by Canada, Japan, Mexico, Spain and Nicaragua. In Spanish livery the aircraft served the Republican side in the Spanish Civil War, with one claiming a kill of a Legión Cóndor Heinkel aircraft, the only combat victory ever scored by a Grumman biplane. |
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