HISTORY
The beginning
The company
that evolved into Gulfstream
Aerospace Corp. started in the late
1950s when Grumman Aircraft
Engineering Co., known for military
aircraft production, developed a
marketable business aircraft at its
facilities in Bethpage, N.Y. Dubbed
the Grumman Gulfstream I (GI). The
GI could seat 12 passengers, had a
maximum speed of 350 mph (563 kmph)
at 25,000 feet (7,620 m) and a range
of 2,200 miles (3,541 km). The new
aircraft, the first of its kind
designed specifically for business
travel, was a success, prompting
Grumman to develop the jet-powered
Grumman Gulfstream II or GII.
The
‘60s
At the start
of the GII program, Grumman
officials separated the company’s
civil and military aircraft
production to improve efficiency. In
1966, they relocated the civilian
component to Savannah, Georgia where
they found a supply of skilled
labor, an airfield adjacent to the
plant and sufficient acreage for
expansion. Transportation facilities
suitable for heavy equipment and
machinery as well as weather
favorable to year-round
flight-testing and flight-training
operations enhanced Savannah’s
appeal. The new building opened in
June 1967 and was dedicated on Sept.
29, 1967. It housed production and
flight testing for the GII. The
100-person work force that built the
GII was 90% local, and grew to over
1,700 within a few years.
The ‘70s
In 1972,
Grumman merged with light-aircraft
manufacturer American Aviation Corp.
The 256th and final GII delivery
took place in 1977. One year later,
the Gulfstream line and the Savannah
plant were sold to American Jet
Industries, which was headed by
entrepreneur Allen Paulson.
Paulson
became the president and CEO of the
company, renaming it Gulfstream
American. He made a priority of
developing the Gulfstream III, a new
aircraft designed to achieve greater
range and speed than the GII. The
GIII made its first flight in
December 1979, with the first
delivery in 1980. It was the first
business jet to fly over both poles.
The
‘80s
In 1981,
Gulfstream introduced the Gulfstream
GIIB. The GIIB had a modified GII
fuselage and the GIII wings,
complete with winglets. The variant
offered weight and performance
characteristics similar to the GIII,
but with the shorter GII fuselage.
Gulfstream completed and delivered
approximately 40 GIIBs.
Under
Paulson the Savannah work force grew
to 2,500 by the spring of 1982. Also
in this year, the company’s name
changed to Gulfstream Aerospace
Corp. to reflect its worldwide
scope, and a new plane, the
Gulfstream IV, was conceived. The
following year, Gulfstream offered
8.8 million shares of stock to the
public. In 1985, Chrysler Corp.
acquired Gulfstream as part of the
automaker’s plan to diversify into
high-tech industries. This was also
the year that Gulfstream first
appeared on the Fortune 500 list, at
No. 417. Two years later, the 200th
and last Gulfstream III was
delivered, and the first delivery of
a Gulfstream IV took place. The GIV
was the first jet in business
aviation to have an all-glass
cockpit. In 1989 Chrysler decided to
sell Gulfstream, and Paulson teamed
with Forstmann Little & Co. – a
private equity firm specializing in
leveraged buyouts – and bought
Gulfstream back.
The ‘90s
The decade
that followed the 1989 repurchase
was a time of significant
advancements for Gulfstream. The
company signed a five-year contract
with NetJets in 1994. It completed
the Gulfstream V Integration Test
Facility and rolled out the GV – the
first ultra-long range business jet
– in 1995. The opening of a $16
million Savannah service center with
136,000 square feet (12,635 sq m) of
hangar space followed in 1996. In
1997, Gulfstream began the
simultaneous manufacture of two
different aircraft models – the
GIV-SP and the GV. Within a few
months of the GV’s first delivery in
June 1997, it set nearly 40
city-pair and/or speed and distance
records, and its development team
was awarded the 1997 Robert J.
Collier Trophy, the highest honor in
aeronautics or astronautics in North
America.
Since
2000
At the end
of the 1990s, General Dynamics
purchased Gulfstream. The company
focused on enhancing product
performance and lowering costs. It
opened a $5.5 million aircraft
refurbishment and completions
support facility in Savannah in
2000. In 2001, it acquired Galaxy
Aerospace and with it, the mid-size
Astra SPX and super mid-size Galaxy,
which were later rebranded the
Gulfstream G100 and Gulfstream G200,
respectively. Also in 2001,
Gulfstream purchased four U.S.
maintenance facilities in Dallas;
Las Vegas; Minneapolis; and West
Palm Beach, Fla. Those service
centers, along with a Gulfstream
facility in Westfield, Mass., formed
General Dynamics Aviation Services,
which maintained and repaired
Gulfstream and other business-jet
aircraft.
In 2002,
Gulfstream renamed its products,
using Arabic numerals instead of
Roman numerals to differentiate its
aircraft. At the time, the company’s
heavy-hitting lineup included the
ultra long-range Gulfstream G550 and
G500, the long-range Gulfstream
G400, the mid-range Gulfstream G300
and G200, and the high-speed G100.
2002 was also the year that
Gulfstream introduced its Airborne
Product Support aircraft, a
specially equipped G100. It is used
to deliver parts and provide
any-time service to Gulfstream
customers in North America and the
Caribbean who are operating aircraft
under warranty. In 2003, Gulfstream
acquired a service center at the
London-Luton Airport, the first
Gulfstream-owned service center to
be operated outside the United
States. Also, in 2003, the
long-range Gulfstream G450 was
introduced. The large-cabin,
mid-range G350 was presented a year
later. In 2004, Gulfstream was
awarded the 2003 Collier Trophy for
the development of the G550. It was
the second time in less than a
decade that Gulfstream had won the
award. The G550 is the first civil
aircraft to receive a Type
Certificate issued by the Federal
Aviation Administration (FAA) that
includes an Enhanced Vision System
(EVS) as standard equipment on an
aircraft. The aircraft also
contained the first cockpit to
incorporate PlaneView®, an
integrated avionics suite featuring
four 14-inch (36 cm) liquid crystal
displays in landscape format.
In 2005,
Gulfstream began to offer an
in-flight, high-speed internet
connection – its Broad Band
Multi-Link (BBML) system. Gulfstream
also designed and developed a means
of reducing the sonic boom caused by
an aircraft “breaking” the sound
barrier – the Quiet Spike. The Quiet
Spike is a telescopic nose device
that softens the effect of the sonic
boom by smoothing the pressure wave
created by flying at the speed of
sound.
In 2006, the
22-year production run of the G100
ended, and the Gulfstream G150
entered service to take its place.
The G150 was the first business jet
to be certified by the FAA for Stage
4, the industry’s most stringent
noise standards. Also in 2006,
Gulfstream announced plans to expand
its manufacturing and service
facilities in Savannah. The
seven-year, $400 million Long-Range
Facilities Master Plan included the
creation of a new
624,588-square-foot (58,026 sq m)
service center, an independent fuel
farm, a 42,600-square-foot (3,958 sq
m), state-of-the-art paint hangar
and the addition of a new Sales and
Design Center. As a result of the
expansion, employment at the
facility was expected to grow by
some 1,100 jobs. To meet the
immediate need for engineering
office space, Gulfstream opened a
Research and Development Center
(RDC). The RDC accommodates
approximately 750 technical and
engineering employees.
In April,
2007 Gulfstream broke ground for a
new business-jet manufacturing
building at its headquarters in
Savannah. The following month, the
company signed a nine-year lease
with North Point Real Estate for a
second Research and Development
Center. The RDC II consists of an
office building, which can
accommodate some 550 employees, and
a Laboratory Building, which is
designed for 150 employees and test
equipment used in Gulfstream’s
research and development efforts.
Gulfstream completed the new Sales
and Design Center addition in June
and officially opened the first
phase of the new Savannah Service
Center in August. In 2007,
Gulfstream also tested its Synthetic
Vision-Primary Flight Display
(SV-PFD) and EVS II together for the
first time. The SV-PFD is a dramatic
enhancement to the Gulfstream
PlaneView flight displays. It
features a three-dimensional color
image of terrain overlaid with the
primary flight display instrument
symbology, which are arranged on the
screen to create a large-view area
for terrain. By early 2008, the FAA
had certified both EVS II and
SV-PFD.
On March 13,
2008, Gulfstream announced the
introduction of an all-new business
jet: the Gulfstream G650. The G650
offers the longest range, fastest
speed, largest cabin and most
advanced cockpit in the Gulfstream
fleet. It is capable of traveling
7,000 (12,964 km) nautical miles at
0.85 Mach or will cover shorter
distances at a speed of Mach 0.925,
making it the fastest civilian
aircraft flying. It can climb to
51,000 feet (15,544 m), allowing it
to avoid airline-traffic congestion
and adverse weather.
On Oct. 5 of
the same year, Gulfstream announced
another addition to its business-jet
fleet: the large-cabin, mid-range
Gulfstream G250 (later renamed the
Gulfstream G280). The G280 offers
the largest cabin and the longest
range at the fastest speed in the
super mid-size class. It is capable
of traveling 3,600 nautical miles
(6,667 km) at 0.80 Mach and has a
maximum operating speed of 0.85
Mach. It can reach its 41,000-foot
(12,497 m) initial cruise altitude
in just 20 minutes and can climb to
a maximum altitude of 45,000 feet
(13,716 m).
In 2009, the
company conducted two powered
rollouts one week apart. The
Gulfstream G650 officially rolled
out of the Savannah manufacturing
facility under its own power on
Tuesday, Sept. 29, 2009. The G280
followed just one week later.
As
Gulfstream promised when the
aircraft were announced, both the
G650 and the G280 flew before the
end of 2009. The G650 took its first
flight on Nov. 25, while the G280
went up for the first time on Dec.
11.
2010s
In November
2010, Gulfstream announced an
expansion of its Savannah facilities
through a $500-million, seven-year
plan to ensure that the company is
well-positioned to meet future
demand for business-jet aircraft and
support services. The growth
resulted in 1,000 additional
Gulfstream jobs, an increase of more
than 15 percent.
In addition
to the Savannah expansion,
Gulfstream’s sites in Westfield,
Mass., and Luton, England, also grew
in 2011. In October, Gulfstream
announced an expansion of its
service center at the Barnes
Regional Airport in Westfield, Mass.
that will result in 100 additional
Gulfstream jobs, a nearly 80 percent
increase over the size of
Gulfstream’s Westfield workforce.
The Luton, England, service center
also relocated to a
75,000-square-foot, more modern
hangar. The hangar and accompanying
office area nearly doubles space at
the site, allowing Gulfstream Luton
technicians to more efficiently
service Gulfstream’s entire fleet,
including the all-new G650, the
company’s flagship aircraft.
Gulfstream suffered a major setback
on April 2, 2011, when one of its
G650 ultra long-range business jets
crashed on the runway at Roswell,
NM, fatally injuring the two test
pilots and two flight test engineers
on board.
The FAA said the accident happened
after the jet attempted to lift off,
struck a wingtip on the runway,
which caused the gear to collapse
and the large jet to burst into
flames as it slid down the runway.
It came to rest just 200 feet from
the control tower, according to the
FAA’s preliminary report. The report
said the G650 was performing a take
off with a simulated engine failure
to determine take-off distance
requirements at minimum flap
setting. In November
2011, in spite of the accident
earlier that year, the Gulfstream
G650 received its provisional type
certificate (PTC) from the FAA. This
clears the way for the company to
begin interior completions of the
ultra-large-cabin, ultra-long-range
business jet in preparation for
customer deliveries in the second
quarter of 2012, as originally
planned.
In January
2011, General Dynamics Aviation
Services was rebranded as Gulfstream
to simplify its brand identity in an
expanding global market. Gulfstream
now owns and operates nine service
centers worldwide, plus one
component repair facility.
As of late 2012 there were
indications that Gulfstream
was close to announcing the
design of a quiet supersonic
business jet, first
drawings of which appeared
in December 2012.
Gulfstream employs more than
11,500 people at 12 major
locations: Savannah,
Georgia.; Appleton,
Wisconsin; Brunswick,
Georgia; Dallas; Las Vegas;
Westfield, Massachusetts;
West Palm Beach, Florida;
Van Nuys and Lincoln,
California in the US;
London, UK; Mexicali,
Mexico, and Sorocaba,
Brazil.
The Gulfstream
G500/G600 were
unveiled on October 14,
2014, with the G500 taxiing under
its own power. It
first flew on May 18, 2015. The
longer G600 followed on
December 17, 2016, intended
for delivery in 2018.
The company expects the 2017
deliveries to be the same as
2016 at 115 units: 88 large
and 27 midsize G280s.
Following the meeting of US
President Donald
Trump and Qatar’s
Emir Sheikh Tamim
bin Hamad Al Thani in
July 2019, Qatar
Airways expressed
a desire to buy large-cabin
aircraft from Gulfstream.
2020s
On October 4, 2021, the
company introduced the G400
and G800 to their product
line.
On 28 March, 2023,
Gulfstream opened a
12,000 sq ft (1,100 m2)
sales and design center in Beverly
Hills, housing mock ups for
the G400, G700 and
G800 cabins.
Government and special
mission aircraft
About 200 Gulfstream are
used by 35 governments,
mainly the G550 : air
transports of heads of state
and government, airborne
early warning, medical
evacuation, high-altitude atmospheric
research, and intelligence,
surveillance and
reconnaissance.
Source:
Wikipedia
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