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Mirage
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Photo:
Robert Deering 4/9/2019 Technik Museum Speyer, Germany |
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The Dassault
Mirage III is a family of single-seat,
single-engine, fighter aircraft developed
and manufactured by French aircraft company Dassault
Aviation. It was the first Western European
combat aircraft to exceed Mach 2 in
horizontal flight.
During 1952, the
French government issued its specification,
calling for a lightweight,
all-weather interceptor. Amongst the
respondents were Dassault with their design,
initially known as the MD.550 Mystère-Delta and
later renamed as the Mirage I.
Following favorable flight testing held
during 1955, in which speeds of up to Mach
1.6 were attained, it was decided that a
larger follow-on aircraft would be required
to bear the necessary equipment and
payloads. An enlarged Mirage II proposal
was considered, as well as MD 610
Cavalier (3 versions),[4] but
was discarded in favor of a
further-developed design, powered by the
newly developed Snecma
Atar afterburning turbojet engine,
designated as the Mirage III. During
October 1960, the first major production
model, designated as the Mirage IIIC,
performed its maiden flight. Initial
operational deliveries of this model
commenced during July 1961; a total of 95
Mirage IIICs were obtained by the French Air
Force (Armée de l'Air, AdA). The
Mirage IIIC was rapidly followed by numerous
other variants.
The Mirage III has
been used in active combat roles in multiple
conflicts by a number of operators.
The Israeli Air Force was perhaps the most
prolific operator of the fighter outside of
France itself; Israel deployed their Mirage
IIIs during both the Six-Day War, where it
was used as both an air
superiority and strike aircraft, and the Yom
Kippur War, during which it was used
exclusively in air-to-air combat in
conjunction with the IAI Nesher, an
Israeli-built derivative of the Mirage
5. Ace of ace Giora Epstein achieved all of
his kills flying either the Mirage III or
the Nesher. During the South African Border
War, the Mirage III formed the bulk of
the South African Air Force's fleet,
comprising a cluster of Mirage IIICZ
interceptors, Mirage IIIEZ fighter-bombers
and Mirage IIIRZ reconnaissance fighters;
following the introduction of the
newer Mirage F1, the type was dedicated to
secondary roles in the conflict, such as
daytime interception, base security,
reconnaissance and training. The Argentine
Air Force utilized the Mirage IIIEA during
the Falklands War, but their lack of
an aerial refueling capability limited their
usefulness in the conflict. Even using drop
tanks, the Mirages only had an endurance of
five minutes within the combat area around
the British fleet.
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